Justin+F.

Justin F.

media type="custom" key="20760460"

1 Deer 2 Mayor 3 Red Deer flag 4 welcome sign 5 Glendale Science and Technology school 6 Red Deer public Library 7 People 8 Ghost Statues downtown 9 Black Dragon Martial Arts Center 10. Kerrywood Nature Center 11 Bike trails 12 GH Dawe center 13 Westerner days 14 Carnival du Red Deer 15 Oilfield companies 16 Red Deer symphony 17 Red Deer College 18 Red Deer Hospital 19 Sprinkler Park 20 Canyon Ski Hill Justin Fokema My past: Last summer, I went to Banff with my Family and Willy. I helped my family re shingle the roof and cut tile for the washroom. My present: I’m struggling with my homework because I didn’t tell mom about my missing assignments. My future: I am planning to do all my homework. I plan to work hard at my schoolwork at school and home so I don’t get behind again. If my homework is done in the future I can do a Halloween scarring contest.
 * //__ --My Story __//**

_





//By Justin Fokema// __“Hey dip twit!!!” yelled Billy, down the hall. Zain Just growled in frustration thinking “not //that// loser again.” Just in time for Billy to catch up to him and slam him in the locker and lock him in to start the morning. Fizzy knew that was rude so he went to get Mrs. Simmons, the school principal, for help asking for Billy’s locker combination. Mrs. Simmons asked why he needed it so he told her about what Billy did. She quickly took her locker keys to open Billy’s locker and free Zain. Zain fell out of the locker when she opened it, by that time O Cananda was playing over the intercom. Through the song, Zain shook with anger and at the end, Zain whispered quietly, “I hate Billy.” The whole class laughed at the angry look on his face, especially Billy. Halfway through class, Billy got called to the office and when he came back, he smacked Zain in the back of the head when the teacher wasn’t looking. He was always getting teased because he looked different. He couldn’t change the way he looked. “How am I supposed to change how I look, I can’t exactly put a hat on my flaming horns… “, he thought to himself. At recess, all the kids teased him. “You look ugly!!!” all the kids yelled at him, laughing at him. That was the last straw!!!! His anger burned so hot that his horns went on fire and he rammed Billy so hard, his but caught on fire. “Ah my but, my but’s on fire!!!!!” “HELP my but’s on fire!!!” he cried. “Stop drop and roll!!!” yelled Billy’s friend George. Billy dove into a snow bank and when he got up, his pink Hello Kitty Adventure Island shorts showed through the remains of his burnt pants. At this point, all the kids were laughing hysterically as Mr. Johnson grabbed both the boys by their shoulders and led them to the detention room. “You guys really need to get along, I am disappointed in you both and I expect better behaviour from you Zain and you too Billy” He said angrily. He handed both the boys a sheet of blank paper and told them to write a letter to their parents explaining what they did. “I didn’t do anything wrong!!!” Billy lied. “Yes you did something wrong, can you think of it?” questioned the teacher. “No” said Billy in a sarcastic tone. “Really? So you think teasing and bullying is ok?” “No!!” shouted Zain. “It’s not your turn to talk Zain, you have to wait until Billy is done talking” Billy pulled a rude face at this. “Just think about what you did to Zain this morning.” Mr. Johnson said sternly. He looked at Zain and said “Is it appropriate to hit someone when they do something bad to you?” “No” Said Zain, looking down at his feet. “Look up to me, I am still talking with you Zain” He said calmly. “You have to be a monster because that’s what you are but that doesn’t mean that you have to be an angry monster.” Mr. Johnson said leaning in. “Sorry” Zain said in a small voice. “You both need to say sorry to each other” the teacher commented, patiently waiting. They both said sorry at the same time only Zain was sincere but Billy was still sarcastic.__ __The next day Fizzy met Zain in the hallway and said “I feel bad about what happened to you yesterday.” “It’s ok” Zain replied happily. He couldn’t believe someone would talk to him like that. After school, Zain had Fizzy over to his house for sundaes, video games and to catch up on homework. Finally Zain had a friend. “I don’t have to be an angry monster” he thought, “The teacher was right”.__
 * // Angry Monster //**

_ wanted

name adde aka dead jonh

wanted for killing peapole reavity; full of hate rewonerd; 100 000 000 000 $

``arrr`` shout beed

``be qiet `` side caption

``arrrr arrr arrr arrr arrr`` shout beed

`` shut up `` yeld caption

``no`` side beed

`` u are whaking off plank'' side

no please cride beed

then stop it yeld caption

chare side shoder 1 attack yeld caption kill thim yeld shoder 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

fidit yeld pirarte 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 no yeld caption no yeld beed yes shoder 1 ahhhhhhhhh yeld pirate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

shoder 1 trun in to a moster crided shoder 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 hahaha soute soder 1 we all doom side all no we not it super Justin side caption don't worred i'll will difet him side super justin no side moster yes yied super justin go super Justin side caption ahhh yide moster [|for the pirarte]

__---

At 4:10 a.m. on April 29th, 1903, 82 million tonnes of rock fell from the summit of Turtle Mountain into the Crowsnest River valley below. The slide lasted a mere 90 seconds and in that short time at least 90 people were killed – Canada’s deadliest rockslide. //Frank Slide Interpretive center “The Frank Slide Story’’//

At the southeast edge of the small coal mining town of Frank, buildings were on fire and survivors called for help. Despite the obvious devastation, the pre-dawn darkness hid the magnitude of the event from the people of the Crowsnest Pass – then a clustered grouping of coal mining communities in the Canada’s Northwest Territories – today part of the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass in the southwestern corner of the Province of Al //Frank Slide Interpretive center “The Frank Slide Story’’//

Men working underground at the Frank Mine had reported strange movements as much as seven months prior to that fateful morning of 1903. Large timbers holding up the roof were cracking much more often than normal – a sign that there was increasing pressure in the layers of rock. Miners on the morning shift often found that overnight the coal had "mined itself" and had fallen from the face. There were times, usually during the early morning hours, when the floor of the mine pitched as if it were a ship rocked by an ocean wave – again a sign that the rock layers within the mountain were shifting. Amazingly, during the rockslide the mine's internal workings suffered little damage; some tunnels pinched closed, rock fell from the roof, and ventilation raises were blocked, but seventeen men on night shift were safe inside the mine. They were much safer than the men outside the mine who were crushed by the falling rock. The seventeen miners were trapped inside the mine, but managed to dig their way to the surface after thirteen grueling hours. Their first glimpse of daylight exposed them to the unfathomable – a huge rockslide had thundered over their heads and crossed the valley. //Frank Slide Interpretive center “The Frank Slide Story’’// A Flow of Rock

Most scientists believe the rockslide flowed like a thick liquid - in contact with the ground and following its contours – even detouring around elevated areas. As evidence, organically stained sand at the base of the slide debris testifies to the fact that at least some of the rockslide passed through the Crowsnest River and along the ground. But how could rock flow?

//Frank Slide Interpretive center “The Frank Slide Story’’//

It has also been hypothesized that the rockslide was not in consistent contact with the ground, but rode on a thin layer of air which had been trapped when the falling rock – in contact with the mountain – hit a projecting shelf near the base of the slope and was launched above the valley floor. The mass, riding trapped air, is speculated to have traveled east until it "ran out of gas."

//de Interpretive center “The Frank Slide StorFrank Sliy’’//

•Seventeen underground mine workers on the night shift in the Frank Mine are trapped by the slide, but manage to dig their way to freedom. •Following the slide, Big Charlie, a mine horse, is trapped underground for a month before being found by miners. •A brakeman for the Canadian Pacific Railway, Sid Choquette, races across the just-fallen rocks of the slide to flag down an approaching passenger train. Choquette heroically stops the train before it collides with the slide. •Fifteen-year-old Lillian Clark stays overnight in Frank at the boarding house where she works rather than return home to her family’s cottage on Manitoba Avenue. She is safe, but her entire family is killed in the slide. •The Bansemer family’s home on Manitoba Avenue is moved 6 metres off its foundation by the slide, but everyone in the cottage survives. •The Ennis family’s home is crushed by the mud and rocks of the slide, but everyone in the family miraculously survives, including their baby daughter, Gladys, who goes on to a long life and becomes the last living survivor of the slide, passing away in 1993. •In the Leitch family’s cottage on Manitoba Avenue, father, mother and four sons are killed but the three daughters survive. •Rumours travel the world about the entire town being buried with only one survivor – a baby girl named ‘Frankie Slide.’ Although completely untrue, these rumours and myths are passed on for generations. Frank Slide Interpretive center fact

From Bad to Worse

Then came the Ice Age. The Pleistocene played a key role in shaping Turtle Mountain for what was now an inevitable rockslide. During periods of glaciation, valley glaciers carved through the Rockies, separating Turtle Mountain from Bluff Mountain, its twin sister to the immediate north.

The glacier which occupied the Crowsnest River valley during the peak of glaciation carved off much of Turtle Mountain's eastern face, action which removed vast quantities of the steeply dipping strata – the mountain's Paleozoic "shell" - and exposed its weaker Mesozoic foundation. The eventual retreat of the valley ice exposed the severely weakened eastern base of the Turtle Mountain Anticline. It left the top of the mountain without adequate structural support. Turtle Mountain’s eastern face was, in effect, was "left hanging" high above the valley.

Similar conditions have existed elsewhere in the Rocky Mountains, and the Frank Slide is but one of an estimated one thousand rockslides to have occurred during the past ten thousand years. However, unlike the cascades of rock which fell elsewhere and had no effect on the human population, the Frank Slide would make history as Canada’s deadliest rockside.

While Turtle Mountain's weak internal foundation and the effects of glaciation had set the stage for structural failure, the mountain was to receive yet another strategic attack: mining. Glaciation had exposed seams of high quality coal within Turtle Mountain and turn-of-the-twentieth-century entrepreneurs were quick to exploit it due to its proximity to the Crowsnest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway which was completed in 1898. Coal from the Frank Mine was removed by excavating enormous underground chambers for almost two kilometres inside Turtle Mountain. Between 1901 and April, 1903, more than a quarter of a million tons of coal were removed from the Frank Mine. Later, many would claim that it was the removal of too much coal that caused the Frank Slide to come down.

Although coal mining within Turtle Mountain undoubtedly had an effect on the timing of the slide, scientists believe that the top of the mountain would have given way and the slide would have come down at some point in time. And there is evidence that in the months leading up to the slide that the mountain was foreshadowing the catastrophic events to come. Unfortunately, the miners were not able to interpret these signs.

Men working underground at the Frank Mine had reported strange movements as much as seven months prior to that fateful morning of 1903. Large timbers holding up the roof were cracking much more of ten than normal – a sign that there was increasing pressure in the layers of rock. Miners on the morning shift often found that overnight the coal had "mined itself" and had fallen from the face. There were times, usually during the early morning hours, when the floor of the mine pitched as if it were a ship rocked by an ocean wave – again a sign that the rock layers within the mountain were shifting. Amazingly, during the rockslide the mine's internal workings suffered little damage; some tunnels pinched closed, rock fell from the roof, and ventilation raises were blocked, but seventeen men on night shift were safe inside the mine. They were much safer than the men outside the mine who were crushed by the falling rock. The seventeen miners were trapped inside the mine, but managed to dig their way to the surface after thirteen grueling hours. Their first glimpse of daylight exposed them to the unfathomable – a huge rockslide had thundered over their heads and crossed the valley.

Ice may have been the trigger that set off the slide on that tragic night. March of 1903 had left a heavy snowpack on Turtle Mountain's summit. April of 1903 had been unseasonably warm and much of the snow had melted to feed the mountain's summit fissures. Then, on the starlit night of April 28th, it froze hard – down to -18°C. People later said that the night the slide came down was the coldest night of the winter – quite unusual for late April. Water in the summit cracks froze, expanding as ice and creating a giant wedge that forced an enormous block of rock away from the mountain’s face. The giant block has been estimated by scientists to be one kilometre wide by almost half a kilometre high and 150 metres deep. Rock avalanched from the mountain peak into the valley below. The roar was so great that it is said that the slide could be heard two hundred kilometres away. The entire event lasted a mere 90 seconds, with three square kilometres of the valley bottom covered by rubble to an average depth of 15 metres

de Interpretive center “The Frank Slide Story Frank’’

Did You Know § The Cree and Blackfoot Indians of the area avoided Turtle Mountain. To them, the ‘mountain walked'. Their legend would soon become all too real.

§ The slide destroyed seven cottages, a dairy farm, a ranch, a shoe store, a livery stable, cemetery, two kilometres of the road and CPR rail line, a construction camp and all of the surface buildings for the Frank mine.

§ There was a myth about a baby girl being the only survivor.

§ There is a famous myth about a 15 month old girl named Marion Leitch, who was thrown from her house to safety on a bale of hay nowhere near the house. The hay was originally picked up from the livery stable almost a kilometre away by twisted power cords and dropped at the very spot where Marion landed.

§ Approximately 70 out of 600 inhabitants of the town of Frank were killed.

§ Only twelve bodies were pulled from the rubble in the few days after the rockslide.

§ There is so much rock in Frank Slide that some bodies of those people buried were never recovered.

§ The last survivor was Gladys Ennis who passed away in 1995. She was the baby who was found buried in mud.

§ Seventeen coal miners were trapped but managed to dig their way out 14 hours after the slide.

§ A mining horse, named Charlie, survived alone in the mine for a month by drinking seepage water and chewing on the wooden coal cars and timbers. A month after the slide, workers successfully opened the mine and found Charlie still alive inside. Unfortunately, Charlie was unable to survive the welcome of his rescuers and died shortly after being found, from an overdose of oats and brandy.

frank

//Frank Slide Interpretive centerl Location//

The rockslide buried the eastern outskirts of the town. It also obliterated a two kilometre stretch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, surface buildings of the Canadian American Coal and Coke Company, two ranches, a portion of the Frank and Grassy Mountain Railway line to the historic coal mining town of Lille, a construction camp, and livery stables. Fortunately, most of the town's populace – 600 people – lived literally a stone's throw beyond the area buried. Just over one hundred people were in the direct path of the slide, and twenty-three of those, in cottages on Manitoba Avenue along the western edge of the slide, escaped death //Unstable Structure// //Prior to the 1903 Frank slide, photographs depicted the creep and summit fissures as a contributing factor to the catastrophic event. The mountain was originally created from Palaeozoic carbonates that were thrust east to create Turtle Mountain thrust fault. Eventually, carbonate deposits overrode weaker, vertically angled Mesozoic deposits of sandstone, siltstone, shale, conglomerates, and coal, reducing the available shear strength along bedding planes.[11] When glaciations began, the glaciers that had preoccupied the Crowsnest River Valley eroded and carved off Turtle Mountain’s eastern face, further steepening the mountain as well as exposing the weaker Mesozoic foundation. The eastern face composed of limestone was “left hanging” while glaciers, ice, and precipitation eroded and created fissures on the mountain’s surface. Over time, the mountain succumbed to these effects and Mother Nature’s effects of steepness and gravity.//

//Mining// //The frank slide// //They did not hear the freight train as it approached from McLeod to the south-east. Engineer Ben Murgatroyd scanned the dark rails ahead, watching for broken rails and snow slides common in the Crowsnest Pass during winter. Beside him, Bud Lahey stoked the boiler. Behind, in the caboose, were the conductor, Henri Pettit, and brakemen, Sid Choquette and Bill Lowes. At the boxcar, which served as a station until the new one was built, Pettit checked with the agent, T.B. Smith, where he learned that the 'Spokane Flyer', a passenger train, was running an hour and a half behind schedule due to a snowstorm between Frank and McLeod. It would arrive in Frank at about 4:30 a.m. The freight would have to lay over on the siding until the Flyer passed// //Frank slide//

//Not far from Calgary, Alberta, and just east of the Crowsnest Pass, lies the small, bustling town of Frank, Alberta, nestled on the floor of a deeply-glaciated valley. Looming menacingly nearby is Turtle Mountain. Also nearby is a scene of a destruction of such magnitude that it has never been equalled!//

//In the early morning hours of April 29, 1903, Turtle Mountain collapsed, resulting in the greatest landslide in North American history. In 100 seconds: at least 76 people were buried alive under tons of massive limestone boulders; three-quarters of the homes in Frank were crushed like balsa wood; over a mile of the Canadian Pacific Railroad was completely destroyed; and a river became a lake.//

//Yet, few people have ever heard about it.//

//In 1901, excavation began and a drift mine was sunk deep into the bowels of Turtle Mountain in order to mine the massive deposits of coal beneath the eastern slope of the mountain. The mine contained huge rooms (called 'stopes') separated by gigantic 12-metre (40-foot) long pillars which contained walk-ways and chutes. By October of the following year, the stopes burrowed over 700 metres (2,300 feet) along the eastern vein of coal. Tremors became a regular occurrence in the mines, especially in the early-morning hours, and the miners became quite accustomed to the shaking. Besides, the tremors made their work a whole lot easier. By April of 1903, the mine was virtually 'self-operating' in that all the miners had to do was to shovel up the coal as it fell from the ceiling.//

//Just below the mine entrance, the Old Man River ran along the base of the mountain. Beyond and to the left lay the town of Frank, divided by Gold Creek which flowed in from the east across the valley and joined the Old Man River below the mine entrance. The Canadian Pacific Railroad ran somewhat parallel to the River and passed Frank on the eastern side; the mine spur line branched off from the CPR, running west of Frank, across Gold Creek and the Old Man River and up to the mine entrance, completing the triangle framing downtown Frank. A well-worn path ran between the river and railroad, joining Frank to Pincher Creek to the south and Blairmore to the north. Coming down from the valley far to the east was the Frank Grassy Mountain Railroad. Soon, over 100 men would arrive in Frank to complete the extension joining the FGMR to the CPR.//

//The Indians of the area avoided Turtle Mountain. To them, it was the 'mountain that walked'. Their legend would soon become all too real.//

//6:00 p.m., April 28. John Thornley bid 'goodnight' to the last customer in his Shoe Shop ('G' on the map). His sister was in the kitchen of their combination shop and cabin, just finishing washing the evening's supper dishes. This was her last night in Frank before returning to her home and parents in Pincher Creek.//

//On a whim, John convinced Ellen to spend her last night in town in a hotel in Frank rather than sleep at the cabin. Delighted at the prospect, Ellen quickly packed her suitcases and the two walked the short distance to town where they took rooms at the Frank Hotel.//

//This 'whim' would save their lives.//

//6:30 p.m., April 28. John McVeigh, general manager of the McVeigh and Poupore construction camp set up near the railroad tracks, convinced stable-boss Jack Leonard to ride into Pincher Creek to buy more hay in preparation for the men and horses which would be arriving soon. With Leonard gone, there were 12 labourers plus McVeigh left in the camp.//

//Midnight, April 28. The night crew for the mine was assembled in Frank. There was Alex Tashigan, an Armenian weigh scale operator; Joseph Chapman, foreman of the crew, from Wales; Evan 'Halfpint' Jones, Chapman's assistant; John Watkins; William Warrington; Alex Clark; 'Shorty' Dawson; Dan McKenzie; Alex McPhail; Alex Grant; and Charlie Farrell, and one other unknown man.//

//Together, they crossed the bridge over the Old Man River and headed toward the mine entrance.//

//Meanwhile, Robert Watt and Les Ferguson were just coming out of the Imperial Hotel. Declining Ferguson's invitation to stay at the hotel that night, Watt crossed Gold Creek and walked to the livery stable ('D' on the map) where his assistant, Francis Rochette, was already asleep.//

//In the boarding house ('A' on the map), Lillian Clark, who had never spent a night away from home in her life, worked so late that she decided not to cross Gold Creek and join her mother and 5 brothers and sisters. Instead, she decided to remain at the boarding house over-night. This 'decision' would save her life.//

//Thomas Delap worked alone at the electric light plant beside the river. In a month or so, he would have saved enough money to bring his bride from Red Lodge, Montana, to live with him in Frank.//

//Beside the livery stable ('E' on the map), Alfred 'Jack' Dawe slept. Nearby were his two Welch friends. Had their ticket reservations not been confused, they would have been on the train heading east where they would catch a boat to take them back home to Wales. Meanwhile, Charles and Robert Chestnut slept in the Union Hotel in Frank. Had Dawe's reservations not been messed up, the Chestnut brothers would now be sleeping in the cabin beside the livery stable. This 'confusion' would save their lives.//

//Shortly after midnight, Ned Morgan declined an invitation from Mrs. James Graham to stay the night with herself and her husband. Morgan walked past the bunkhouse where the 2 Johnson boys from Calgary, hired by Graham to watch his herd of stock while his own 2 sons worked in the mine, lay sleeping. Not far away, on the edge of the property, sat a tent occupied year-round by Andy Grissack Jr., a gnarled old trapper from Lethbridge with a bent for telling wild tales. 'Declining the invitation' would save his life.//

//In the Warrington home ('C' on the map) were Warrington's wife and three teen-aged children, Reginald, Florence and Ivy. Also living with them was Alex Dixon who had come to Frank to escort the eldest daughter, Florence, for a visit to their hometown back east. Beside their home ('B' on the map) were 6 miners from Lancashire, England. No-one in Frank knew much about them.//

//Carl Bansemer (see 'F' on the map) had left town earlier on the 28'th with a load of furniture, accompanied by his 2 eldest sons, Rufus and Henry. They were on their way to their new homestead in Lundbreck, to the east. Left at home in Frank were Annie Bansemer and her 7 other children, Albert, Carl Jr., Frances, Rose, Hilda, Kate and Harold (who had been born in Frank only 5 months earlier).//

//Beside them (see 'F' on the map) lived the Leitch family: Alex and Rosemary and their 7 children Athol, Wilfred, John, Allen, Jessie, Rosemary and baby Marion.//

//Next was the Ackroyd family (see 'F' on the map) from Montana, Charles and his wife, Nancy, and step-son Lester Johnson.//

//Sam Ennis lived in the 4'th house (see 'F' on the map) along with his wife, Lucy, and their 2 boys, Delbert and James, and 2 girls, Hazel and Gladys. Delbert, the eldest, was only 8 years old. Living with them were Lucy's brother, James Warrington.//

//The next house (see 'F' on the map) was occupied by John Watkins, his wife, and 3 teen-aged children, Thomas, Fernie and Ruby.//

//The 6'th house was vacant, but, in the last house in the row lived the Clarks (see 'F' on the map). Alex, who worked the night shift, had already gone to the mines. His eldest daughter, Lillian, was, unbeknownst to him, staying at the boarding house where she worked. His 5 other children, Charles, Albert, Alfred, Ellen and Gertrude, were in bed.//

//They did not hear the freight train as it approached from McLeod to the south-east. Engineer Ben Murgatroyd scanned the dark rails ahead, watching for broken rails and snow slides common in the Crowsnest Pass during winter. Beside him, Bud Lahey stoked the boiler. Behind, in the caboose, were the conductor, Henri Pettit, and brakemen, Sid Choquette and Bill Lowes. At the boxcar, which served as a station until the new one was built, Pettit checked with the agent, T.B. Smith, where he learned that the 'Spokane Flyer', a passenger train, was running an hour and a half behind schedule due to a snowstorm between Frank and McLeod. It would arrive in Frank at about 4:30 a.m. The freight would have to lay over on the siding until the Flyer passed.//

//With the train connected to 2 coal cars and a bridge-building pile driver on the siding, the engine was disconnected and then reconnected to an empty coal car and sent on to the mine to drop off the empty car. Meanwhile, Pettit curled up beside the pot-bellied stove in the station to wait. At the mine, the weigh-scale man, Tashigan, along with Fred Farrington and Alex Clark, two of the miners who had come out into the open to eat their lunches, sat watching in the darkness as the the train crew worked. Then, switching to the mine spur line, the engine backed up to the tipple where the men sat eating to 'spot' the single coal car.//

//Choquette set the brakes on the coal car and pulled the connecting pin. With the job done, the Mogul engine began to roll slowly down the track to the mine bridge. Choquette and Lowes ran along beside the engine. It was just after 4:00 a.m. on April 29.//

//In the darkness, the mountin walk// //bibllography// =__//**what happened**//__= //The Indians of the area avoided Turtle Mountain. To them, it was the 'mountain that walked'. Their legend would soon become all too real.//
 * author || update || Date asset || Address ||
 * Emigration Gamble Victoria Settlement Provincial Historic Site || 15, 2013 || 2 week ago || Frank Slide Interpretive Centre, 2011. ||
 * Benson, Leslie, Lisa, Kevin and Jaffar || unknowing || 2 week ago || The Frank Slide ||
 * unknowing || July 19, 1998 || 2 week ago || Frank Slide, Alberta The Day the Mountain Fell ||

//6:00 p.m., April 28. John Thornley bid 'goodnight' to the last customer in his Shoe Shop ('G' on the map). His sister was in the kitchen of their combination shop and cabin, just finishing washing the evening's supper dishes. This was her last night in Frank before returning to her home and parents in Pincher Creek.//

//On a whim, John convinced Ellen to spend her last night in town in a hotel in Frank rather than sleep at the cabin. Delighted at the prospect, Ellen quickly packed her suitcases and the two walked the short distance to town where they took rooms at the Frank Hotel.//

//This 'whim' would save their lives.//

//6:30 p.m., April 28. John McVeigh, general manager of the McVeigh and Poupore construction camp set up near the railroad tracks, convinced stable-boss Jack Leonard to ride into Pincher Creek to buy more hay in preparation for the men and horses which would be arriving soon. With Leonard gone, there were 12 labourers plus McVeigh left in the camp.//

//Midnight, April 28. The night crew for the mine was assembled in Frank. There was Alex Tashigan, an Armenian weigh scale operator; Joseph Chapman, foreman of the crew, from Wales; Evan 'Halfpint' Jones, Chapman's assistant; John Watkins; William Warrington; Alex Clark; 'Shorty' Dawson; Dan McKenzie; Alex McPhail; Alex Grant; and Charlie Farrell, and one other unknown man.//

//Together, they crossed the bridge over the Old Man River and headed toward the mine entrance.//

//Meanwhile, Robert Watt and Les Ferguson were just coming out of the Imperial Hotel. Declining Ferguson's invitation to stay at the hotel that night, Watt crossed Gold Creek and walked to the livery stable ('D' on the map) where his assistant, Francis Rochette, was already asleep.//

//In the boarding house ('A' on the map), Lillian Clark, who had never spent a night away from home in her life, worked so late that she decided not to cross Gold Creek and join her mother and 5 brothers and sisters. Instead, she decided to remain at the boarding house over-night. This 'decision' would save her life.//

//Thomas Delap worked alone at the electric light plant beside the river. In a month or so, he would have saved enough money to bring his bride from Red Lodge, Montana, to live with him in Frank.//

//Beside the livery stable ('E' on the map), Alfred 'Jack' Dawe slept. Nearby were his two Welch friends. Had their ticket reservations not been confused, they would have been on the train heading east where they would catch a boat to take them back home to Wales. Meanwhile, Charles and Robert Chestnut slept in the Union Hotel in Frank. Had Dawe's reservations not been messed up, the Chestnut brothers would now be sleeping in the cabin beside the livery stable. This 'confusion' would save their lives.//

//Shortly after midnight, Ned Morgan declined an invitation from Mrs. James Graham to stay the night with herself and her husband. Morgan walked past the bunkhouse where the 2 Johnson boys from Calgary, hired by Graham to watch his herd of stock while his own 2 sons worked in the mine, lay sleeping. Not far away, on the edge of the property, sat a tent occupied year-round by Andy Grissack Jr., a gnarled old trapper from Lethbridge with a bent for telling wild tales. 'Declining the invitation' would save his life.//

//In the Warrington home ('C' on the map) were Warrington's wife and three teen-aged children, Reginald, Florence and Ivy. Also living with them was Alex Dixon who had come to Frank to escort the eldest daughter, Florence, for a visit to their hometown back east. Beside their home ('B' on the map) were 6 miners from Lancashire, England. No-one in Frank knew much about them.//

//Carl Bansemer (see 'F' on the map) had left town earlier on the 28'th with a load of furniture, accompanied by his 2 eldest sons, Rufus and Henry. They were on their way to their new homestead in Lundbreck, to the east. Left at home in Frank were Annie Bansemer and her 7 other children, Albert, Carl Jr., Frances, Rose, Hilda, Kate and Harold (who had been born in Frank only 5 months earlier).//

//Beside them (see 'F' on the map) lived the Leitch family: Alex and Rosemary and their 7 children Athol, Wilfred, John, Allen, Jessie, Rosemary and baby Marion.//

//Next was the Ackroyd family (see 'F' on the map) from Montana, Charles and his wife, Nancy, and step-son Lester Johnson.//

//Sam Ennis lived in the 4'th house (see 'F' on the map) along with his wife, Lucy, and their 2 boys, Delbert and James, and 2 girls, Hazel and Gladys. Delbert, the eldest, was only 8 years old. Living with them were Lucy's brother, James Warrington.//

//The next house (see 'F' on the map) was occupied by John Watkins, his wife, and 3 teen-aged children, Thomas, Fernie and Ruby.//

//The 6'th house was vacant, but, in the last house in the row lived the Clarks (see 'F' on the map). Alex, who worked the night shift, had already gone to the mines. His eldest daughter, Lillian, was, unbeknownst to him, staying at the boarding house where she worked. His 5 other children, Charles, Albert, Alfred, Ellen and Gertrude, were in bed.//

//They did not hear the freight train as it approached from McLeod to the south-east. Engineer Ben Murgatroyd scanned the dark rails ahead, watching for broken rails and snow slides common in the Crowsnest Pass during winter. Beside him, Bud Lahey stoked the boiler. Behind, in the caboose, were the conductor, Henri Pettit, and brakemen, Sid Choquette and Bill Lowes. At the boxcar, which served as a station until the new one was built, Pettit checked with the agent, T.B. Smith, where he learned that the 'Spokane Flyer', a passenger train, was running an hour and a half behind schedule due to a snowstorm between Frank and McLeod. It would arrive in Frank at about 4:30 a.m. The freight would have to lay over on the siding until the Flyer passed.//

//With the train connected to 2 coal cars and a bridge-building pile driver on the siding, the engine was disconnected and then reconnected to an empty coal car and sent on to the mine to drop off the empty car. Meanwhile, Pettit curled up beside the pot-bellied stove in the station to wait. At the mine, the weigh-scale man, Tashigan, along with Fred Farrington and Alex Clark, two of the miners who had come out into the open to eat their lunches, sat watching in the darkness as the the train crew worked. Then, switching to the mine spur line, the engine backed up to the tipple where the men sat eating to 'spot' the single coal car.//

//Choquette set the brakes on the coal car and pulled the connecting pin. With the job done, the Mogul engine began to roll slowly down the track to the mine bridge. Choquette and Lowes ran along beside the engine. It was just after 4:00 a.m. on April 29.//

//In the darkness, the mountin walk// Did You Know § The Cree and Blackfoot Indians of the area avoided Turtle Mountain. To them, the ‘mountain walked'. Their legend would soon become all too real.

§ The slide destroyed seven cottages, a dairy farm, a ranch, a shoe store, a livery stable, cemetery, two kilometres of the road and CPR rail line, a construction camp and all of the surface buildings for the Frank mine.

§ There was a myth about a baby girl being the only survivor.

§ There is a famous myth about a 15 month old girl named Marion Leitch, who was thrown from her house to safety on a bale of hay nowhere near the house. The hay was originally picked up from the livery stable almost a kilometre away by twisted power cords and dropped at the very spot where Marion landed.

§ Approximately 70 out of 600 inhabitants of the town of Frank were killed.

§ Only twelve bodies were pulled from the rubble in the few days after the rockslide.

§ There is so much rock in Frank Slide that some bodies of those people buried were never recovered.

§ The last survivor was Gladys Ennis who passed away in 1995. She was the baby who was found buried in mud.

§ Seventeen coal miners were trapped but managed to dig their way out 14 hours after the slide.

§ A mining horse, named Charlie, survived alone in the mine for a month by drinking seepage water and chewing on the wooden coal cars and timbers. A month after the slide, workers successfully opened the mine and found Charlie still alive inside. Unfortunately, Charlie was unable to survive the welcome of his rescuers and died shortly after being found, from an overdose of oats and brandy.

//Mining// //The frank slide// //They did not hear the freight train as it approached from McLeod to the south-east. Engineer Ben Murgatroyd scanned the dark rails ahead, watching for broken rails and snow slides common in the Crowsnest Pass during winter. Beside him, Bud Lahey stoked the boiler. Behind, in the caboose, were the conductor, Henri Pettit, and brakemen, Sid Choquette and Bill Lowes. At the boxcar, which served as a station until the new one was built, Pettit checked with the agent, T.B. Smith, where he learned that the 'Spokane Flyer', a passenger train, was running an hour and a half behind schedule due to a snowstorm between Frank and McLeod. It would arrive in Frank at about 4:30 a.m. The freight would have to lay over on the siding until the Flyer passed// //Frank slide// The rockslide buried the eastern outskirts of the town. It also obliterated a two kilometre stretch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, surface buildings of the Canadian American Coal and Coke Company, two ranches, a portion of the Frank and Grassy Mountain Railway line to the historic coal mining town of Lille, a construction camp, and livery stables. Fortunately, most of the town's populace – 600 people – lived literally a stone's throw beyond the area buried. Just over one hundred people were in the direct path of the slide, and twenty-three of those, in cottages on Manitoba Avenue along the western edge of the slide, escaped death //Unstable Structure// //Prior to the 1903 Frank slide, photographs depicted the creep and summit fissures as a contributing factor to the catastrophic event. The mountain was originally created from Palaeozoic carbonates that were thrust east to create Turtle Mountain thrust fault. Eventually, carbonate deposits overrode weaker, vertically angled Mesozoic deposits of sandstone, siltstone, shale, conglomerates, and coal, reducing the available shear strength along bedding planes.[11] When glaciations began, the glaciers that had preoccupied the Crowsnest River Valley eroded and carved off Turtle Mountain’s eastern face, further steepening the mountain as well as exposing the weaker Mesozoic foundation. The eastern face composed of limestone was “left hanging” while glaciers, ice, and precipitation eroded and created fissures on the mountain’s surface. Over time, the mountain succumbed to these effects and Mother Nature’s effects of steepness and gravity.// =**__//why did happined//__**= From Bad to Worse

Then came the Ice Age. The Pleistocene played a key role in shaping Turtle Mountain for what was now an inevitable rockslide. During periods of glaciation, valley glaciers carved through the Rockies, separating Turtle Mountain from Bluff Mountain, its twin sister to the immediate north.

The glacier which occupied the Crowsnest River valley during the peak of glaciation carved off much of Turtle Mountain's eastern face, action which removed vast quantities of the steeply dipping strata – the mountain's Paleozoic "shell" - and exposed its weaker Mesozoic foundation. The eventual retreat of the valley ice exposed the severely weakened eastern base of the Turtle Mountain Anticline. It left the top of the mountain without adequate structural support. Turtle Mountain’s eastern face was, in effect, was "left hanging" high above the valley.

Similar conditions have existed elsewhere in the Rocky Mountains, and the Frank Slide is but one of an estimated one thousand rockslides to have occurred during the past ten thousand years. However, unlike the cascades of rock which fell elsewhere and had no effect on the human population, the Frank Slide would make history as Canada’s deadliest rockside.

While Turtle Mountain's weak internal foundation and the effects of glaciation had set the stage for structural failure, the mountain was to receive yet another strategic attack: mining. Glaciation had exposed seams of high quality coal within Turtle Mountain and turn-of-the-twentieth-century entrepreneurs were quick to exploit it due to its proximity to the Crowsnest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway which was completed in 1898. Coal from the Frank Mine was removed by excavating enormous underground chambers for almost two kilometres inside Turtle Mountain. Between 1901 and April, 1903, more than a quarter of a million tons of coal were removed from the Frank Mine. Later, many would claim that it was the removal of too much coal that caused the Frank Slide to come down.

Although coal mining within Turtle Mountain undoubtedly had an effect on the timing of the slide, scientists believe that the top of the mountain would have given way and the slide would have come down at some point in time. And there is evidence that in the months leading up to the slide that the mountain was foreshadowing the catastrophic events to come. Unfortunately, the miners were not able to interpret these signs.

Ice may have been the trigger that set off the slide on that tragic night. March of 1903 had left a heavy snowpack on Turtle Mountain's summit. April of 1903 had been unseasonably warm and much of the snow had melted to feed the mountain's summit fissures. Then, on the starlit night of April 28th, it froze hard – down to -18°C. People later said that the night the slide came down was the coldest night of the winter – quite unusual for late April. Water in the summit cracks froze, expanding as ice and creating a giant wedge that forced an enormous block of rock away from the mountain’s face. The giant block has been estimated by scientists to be one kilometre wide by almost half a kilometre high and 150 metres deep. Rock avalanched from the mountain peak into the valley below. The roar was so great that it is said that the slide could be heard two hundred kilometres away. The entire event lasted a mere 90 seconds, with three square kilometres of the valley bottom covered by rubble to an average depth of 15 metres

warning //The Indians of the area avoided Turtle Mountain. To them, it was the 'mountain that walked'. Their legend would soon become all too real.//

=__//**what thay do to stop land slide**//__= Yes, in a way you can. People who work in mountain landslide areas start a landslide on purpose so that they can control when one will start. People who work in rock slide areas also do things like putting up netting on the side of a hill to stop a future slide and plant plants to hold the dirt down. move town [|https://popcorn.webmaker.org/templates/basic/#]